The Explanation LabAll 20 lessons

04 SEEING · How eyes read a picture

Dense, not decorated.

You will learn how to show a lot of data clearly, with structure instead of decoration. It takes 3 minutes.

Watch the counter

The clip starts with a chart that shows four numbers. Look at the counter in the corner as it goes. It counts the numbers on screen.

28 seconds · lesson 4 of 20 from the full video

The name for it

THE NAME FOR IT

Edward Tufte's information design

Edward Tufte · The Visual Display of Quantitative Information, 1983

Show the data, invite comparison, label directly, mix words and graphics, and spend ink on information, not decoration.

Four numbers need no chart

The clip's first chart: Q1 42, Q2 51, Q3 47, Q4 58. That sentence holds all of it. The 3D bars, gradients, heavy grid, clip art and legend added ink and no information.

But stripping decoration is only half of Tufte. The other half: once the ink is honest, show more.

288 numbers, one look

WEEKLY VISITORS PER STORE, LAST 24 MONTHS · EXAMPLE DATA

Harbor 269Mill St 665Airport 960Old Town 850Uptown 835road closed for 3 monthsRiverside 426Station 366Market 643Westgate 450Campus 1061Lakeside 421Downtown 455
Same vertical scale in every panel, starting at zero. Red dot: each store's lowest month. Green dot: its highest. The number on the right: last month. 288 numbers in one figure.

What you can see in a few seconds:

The habits

  1. Show the data. Spend ink on numbers, not on frames, shadows and backgrounds.
  2. Invite comparison. Put related things side by side, on the same scale.
  3. Label directly. Put names on the lines and bars. A legend makes the eye travel back and forth.
  4. Mix words and graphics. Put the explanation where it applies.
  5. Add data, not decoration. If the chart has room, give it more context, not more effects.

"Clutter and confusion are failures of design, not attributes of information."

Edward Tufte, Envisioning Information (1990)

TAKEAWAY

Not less information.
More, with structure.

Ask your agent

PROMPT
Make this chart in Tufte's style.
Remove: 3D, gradients, shadows, background fills, heavy gridlines, legends, decorative icons.
Label lines and bars directly. Put any explanation as a short note next to the data it explains.
If there are many series, use small multiples on one shared scale instead of one tangled chart.
Then ask: what context could this chart show in the space it now has? Add it if it helps the reader compare.

Data and the question the reader has:
[paste here]

What good output looks like: a plain chart with more data in it than before, direct labels and no legend.

Sources